Deaf Blindness Essay Example

Deaf Blindness Essay Most people assume that a deaf blind kid is person who is non able to hear or see. Our country’s particular educational jurisprudence defines deaf-blindness as the combination of the ocular and hearing impairment ( Deaf Blindness ) . These two damages make the individual lose his or her communicating accomplishments. developmental and educational demands. The National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness observes that the cardinal characteristic of deaf-blindness is that the combination of losingss bounds entree to auditory and ocular information ( Deaf Blindness ) . Through this research I was able to detect the beginning of deaf sightlessness and research about this disablement. Laura Bridgaman was the first individual who was an single with deaf sightlessness who learned language ( Deaf Blind Education: History ) . She entered the England Asylum for the Blind in 1837 to get down acquisition. Since that twelvemonth in United States there were plans and services for pupils who are deaf blind. Education for the deaf blind became more of import each twelvemonth. Government started to supply more chances for the deaf blind kids. ( Deaf Blind Education: History ) . Most of the clip when we say deaf blind the name that comes to our head is Helen Keller . She is the most known deaf blind individual in the history. A school for the deaf blind was non ever easy to construct. Keller had to go to the school individually for deaf and blind. She attended the Perkins Institute for the Blind and the Wright-Humanson school for the deaf in New York. and The Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Massachusetts. We will write a custom essay sample on Deaf Blindness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Deaf Blindness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Deaf Blindness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Deaf Blind schools were started to set up after the publish of Florida School for the Deaf and Blind in 1885. This school was a boarding school supported by the province ( Deaf Blind Education ) . In the 1960s Rubella Epidemic was taken topographic point. Since the Epidemic ; history and the instruction of deaf blind kids have changed. The methods to assist deaf blind were developed in Netherlands and it influenced many people. After that many successful methodological analysiss to learn deaf blind persons have increased since the clip of the the Rubella eruption. The coactions and sharing of cognition of many states besides helped to develop and better chances for the persons with deaf blind ( Deaf Blind/ Disability Community History ) . There are over 70 causes for deaf sightlessness. Some of them are Usher syndrome. Cytomegalovirus. complications due to prematureness and traumatic caput hurts. Most of the clip kids with deaf sightlessness may hold an extra challenge like cognitive holds or some other medical status. However. merely a little per centum of kids who are deaf-blind are without any sight or hearing. Most of the kids have some type of vision and/or hearing that is utile ( Bekker ) . Everyone knows that there are five senses that are of import. Among these senses the 2 most of import senses are hearing and Vision. These two senses help us garner information. This besides helps us to analyze better. 80 % of what we learn is visually. That includes seeing the notes and watching an informational picture. Hearing is the footing of the communicating or linguistic communication system that most people use ( R. M. Turnbull. and M. L ) . In school we listen to our instructors to larn more information and to make better in academic. When these two major senses are impaired or lost. a individual will hold to fight in several countries and this will besides impact a child’s developments. A deaf blind pupil will hold troubles in communication/ linguistic communication development. motion or motor development. cognitive and emotional or societal development. organic structure image and ego construct. More significantly a kid will hold troubles in acquisition ( R. M. Turnbull. and M. L ) . Doctors agree that household be aftering methods can do deaf sightlessness. During gestation a adult females may hold infections. These infections can besides do deaf sightlessness. Rubella. the vaccinum can non be used all the clip to forestall deaf sightlessness ( Bekker ) . However. if a adult female takes this vaccinum prior to pregnancy being a deaf blind can be prevented. This vaccinum should non be used by a pregnant adult female. After taking this vaccinum the adult females who received should wait at least two months to pass before acquiring pregnant ( Bekker ) . All the kids with deaf sightlessness differ from each other. They are all alone in their ain manner. The sum of ocular and audile loss varies in all persons. The centripetal input sometimes gets damaged but for some other persons it won’t acquire damaged. The vision and hearing may be lost from birth but for some others it takes clip and finally gets lost. Either or both losingss may be gradual or immediate and may non be accompanied by the loss of other organic structure functions ( Mcllnnes and Treffry ) . Deaf blind people will confront symptoms that are combined. There will be symptoms based on loss of hearing and loss of vision. There are different types of conditions that may take to deaf sightlessness. Congenial Rubella Syndrome and Usher Syndrome are common conditions that lead an single to be a deaf blind. loss of a small vision and hearing is really common among older people. It’s merely a mark of aging. This can seldom take to be a deaf blind individual ( Schneider. O’Toole. and Fletcher ) . Based on the statistics 45000 to 50000 people in US are deaf-blind. According to the 2007 National Deaf-Blind Child Count. over 10. 000 are kids under the age of 21? ( Deaf Blindness ) . The word deaf Blindness is sometimes misunderstood by people. They think it means a individual who can non hear or see at all. But this word really describes a individual who has a small of both vision and hearing. Each individual with this disease may hold different sum of loss in their vision and hearing ( Deaf Blindness ) . It is hard to gauge the exact figure of deaf blind people in United States because it varies widely from one individual or bureau. The figure grownups who are deaf blind are about 35000-40000 in population ( Harrington ) . Today there are many modern engineerings that help deaf unsighted persons to hold a better cognition and a better life. The assistive engineering that was created for visually impaired can besides be used by the deaf blind pupils. Assistive engineerings like computing machine versions. adaptative devices and telecommunication devices are really helpful for deaf blind people ( R. M Turnbull. and M. L ) . Early intercession service is established for immature kids who are 3 old ages old or under the age of 3. These services are important for kids with deaf and sightlessness and their households. They address the child’s developmental and demands of acquisition. Sometimes these services are free of charge. Children with deaf-blindness who are 4 old ages old or older should alter to the Particular Education Services from the Early Intervention Service. This service is provided free through the public school system. Even if a kid with deaf-blindness is non in school yet ( for illustration. a four-year-old ) . the school system is still responsible for doing certain that particular instruction and related services are available to the child ( Deaf Blindness ) . Deaf Blindness can be prevented by taking early safeguards. Peoples should be more cognizant of this disease. Children who are 12-18 month old can be prevented from deaf-blindness by taking the vaccinum called Rubella. A 3rd vaccinum known as Measles mumps-rubella ( MMR ) is given when the kid is 3 old ages old. These vaccinums are truly of import to give to the kids. This can forestall future loss of vision and hearing. Most of the people in our current society are non cognizant of deaf sightlessness ( Bekker ) . In our society kids with disablements are non treated the right manner. Most of the kids who have both ocular and audile disabilities are assumed to be deeply retarded. Parents of these kids face this state of affairs otherwise. Some parents struggle for their child because of the deficiency of aid. Parents who don’t have adequate money to handle their kid struggle the most. Some parents cope with the state of affairs but some others are unable to manage the state of affairs and they may be holding a bosom interruption. Parents should remain strong and seek professional support. They should give their kid proper attention. A parent’s feeling for their deaf blind kid is non interpretable through words ( Mcllnnes and Treffry ) . Through this research I was able to research about deaf sightlessness. a disablement which I had no information about. But now I know different types of information about deaf sightlessness. 85 % of people don’t cognize what deaf sightlessness is or how it causes. Therefore it is of import to raise a public consciousness about deaf sightlessness in our society.

Relation between The Bell Curve and Racial Genetics essays

Relation between The Bell Curve and Racial Genetics essays While walking the path of life, travelers must ask themselves whether they were destine to walk a specified course laid before them, or if their surroundings subconsciously direct them free of fate. The idea of fate is an interesting concept; it is predetermined yet many times it cannot be proven or predicted. However, various applications of predetermination can be predicted. One such idea that applies this sense of predetermination is The Bell Curve. The argument of The Bell Curve suggests that depending upon the race of an individual they are predisposed to having either a lower than average or higher than average Intelligence Quotient also known as I.Q. This Intelligence Quotient indicates a person's mental abilities relative to others of the same or different ethnicity and similar age group. Everyone has hundreds of specific mental abilities, if measured accurately can be used as reliable predictors of academic and financial success. In America today, you are much better off kno wing a child's I.Q. score than her parents' income or education if you want to predict whether she will drop out of high school. according to Race, Genes and I.Q, an Apologia article. The concept that I.Q. scores are affected by race and ethnicity is highly supported. However, ethnic differences in measured cognitive ability have been found since intelligence tests were invented. The battle over the meaning of these differences is largely responsible for today's controversy over intelligence testing itself. (Herrnstein and Murray, 1994) The suggestion that race and ethnicity determines I.Q scores highly contested throughout the science community. There are countless online blogs, debate sessions, and persuasive works that have tackled this topic head on. They oppose The Bell Curve due to its racist roots and counter those beliefs with their own theory of how I.Q. is developed. Even to this day people are still disputing the conc...

Patient- Centered Framework Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patient- Centered Framework - Article Example The aspects that governed patient autonomy are varied and studies have investigated them. Freedom which has been specified as positive and negative, paternalism, patient’s dignity, integrity of actions by nurses and partial paternalism are subjects that have been investigated by researchers. The influence of issues on the ethical practices of the nursing profession and the difficulties experienced has been evaluated. The problem of getting informed consent from the patients has been one issue of significance and faced everyday by the nurse. The problem of medical paternalism was another issue which disturbed the atmosphere of caring. This paper explores the qualitative content of four studies and compares them critically so as to highlight the issues involved in the ethical administration of caring for all types of patients ranging from home care through nursing home care, hospital care and care for post-operative patients, medical patients and elderly patients. The first arti cle has been focused upon and the others are taken for comparison for highlighting the concept of autonomy and how it influenced nursing care in a patient –centered framework. Moser et al (2007) reviewed 1236 studies involving patient autonomy and how nurses supported it and selected 6 of them: 2 on homecare, 1 on nursing-home care and 3 on hospital care. The researchers had found that patient autonomy consisted of two types of freedom: negative and positive (Moser et al, 2007). Negative freedom had allowed the patient freedom of action without an outsider’s interference. Positive freedom had indicated that freedom was attained through one’s convictions and individuality. Theories that had supported negative freedom focused on self- care and self-governance. Those that had supported positive freedom focused on caring, identification, communication and achievement of goals. The patient autonomy had been studied in home care, nursing home care and in hospital sett ings. A mixed approach with both negative and positive freedom was appreciated by patients (Moser et al, 2007). Nurses could not follow a single model for all actions in patient autonomy because actions varied according to the situation. They had to derive knowledge for interaction through previous experience. Nurses had been described as professional care-givers for chronically ill people. The shared care model was one which required patients to participate in the management of their condition. Patient autonomy had an ethical perspective. Nurses guided the patient to practice autonomy by helping them to make their own decisions (Moser et al, 2007). For autonomy with positive freedom, the nurses collaborated actively with the patients. Positive freedom required social relationships for practicing autonomy. A patient with less autonomy tended to be bullied by interfering persons. For a patient to be autonomous, he had to be at liberty to make choices. Nurses were able to provide inte rventions only if consent was secured. Orem’s self-care theory indicated that nurses needed to help the patient to resume his autonomy by self-care principles. Four phases of caring had been identified: caring about, taking care of, care giving and care receiving (Moser et al, 2007). The moral qualities of attentiveness, responsibility, competence and responsiveness had been associated with them. The relationship between the patient and nurse flourished using these moral qualities so that appropriate choices were made as

W2 BA541 Disc Identifying Customers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W2 BA541 Disc Identifying Customers - Essay Example As such, the organization could be interpreted as more market-driven, rather than customer-oriented (Peppers & Rogers, 2010). In contrast, Johnson and Johnson’s credo is simply stated as â€Å"the values that guide our decision making are spelled out in Our Credo. Put simply, Our Credo challenges us to put the needs and well-being of the people we serve first† (Johnson and Johnson, 2014). Obviously, this organization is customer-driven. The effect is therefore manifested in terms of one’s trust and commitment to patronize the products of Johnson and Johnson’s more through being ensured that they put me first in their commitment of service. As such, even though these organizations are considered large in scale and their volume of customers (according to products and geographic location), both Unilever and Johnson and Johnson could manage their data according to products and even, geographic location across different countries; yet, much market research could have been undertaken by Johnson and Johnson to ensure that the needs, drives, and demands of the customers are taken into consideration during product development, launching, marketing, and sustaining continued patronage, in a longer time

Policy Implementation Paper_303 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Implementation Paper_303 - Essay Example The Head Start program is no exemption to this. This program tries to reach nearly every deprived American, especially children (Horn, 2010). Even though, the United States has a vast number of resources, it also has other matters to attend to. Hence, this limits the amount of funds that could be used in the programs. Also, there is limited financial aid to the Head Start program from other nations such as the UK, and this, as expected, limits the funds of the program (Horn, 2010). The Head Start program also faces human capital issues. This mainly refers to persons who are responsible for implementing the program or doing the ground work. For instance, getting individuals who are ready to volunteer as teachers or part-time parents is a difficult task (Horn, 2010). Finally, it also has been a difficult task of implementing the program across various cultures across America. Some cultures do not welcome the program as the government expects. This makes it extremely hard for the program to assist those who it intended to

Computers Insiders Threat

Computers Insiders Threat While attacks on computers by outside intruders are more publicized, attacks perpetrated by insiders are very common and often more damaging. Insiders represent the greatest threat to computer security because they understand their organizations business and how their computer systems work. They have both the confidentiality and access to perform these attacks. An inside attacker will have a higher probability of successfully breaking into the system and extracting critical information. The insiders also represent the greatest challenge to securing the company network because they are authorized a level of access to the file system and granted a degree of trust. A system administrator angered by his diminished role in a thriving defense manufacturing firm whose computer network he alone had developed and managed, centralized the software that supported the companys manufacturing processes on a single server, and then intimidated a coworker into giving him the only backup tapes for that software. Following the system administrators termination for inappropriate and abusive treatment of his coworkers, a logic bomb previously planted by the insider detonated, deleting the only remaining copy of the critical software from the companys server. The company estimated the cost of damage in excess of $10 million, which led to the layoff of some 80 employees. An application developer, who lost his IT sector job as a result of company downsizing, expressed his displeasure at being laid off just prior to the Christmas holidays by launching a systematic attack on his former employers computer network. Three weeks following his termination, the insider used the username and password of one of his former coworkers to gain remote access to the network and modify several of the companys web pages, changing text and inserting pornographic images. He also sent each of the companys customers an email message advising that the website had been hacked. Each email message also contained that customers usernames and passwords for the website. An investigation was initiated, but it failed to identify the insider as the perpetrator. A month and a half later, he again remotely accessed the network, executed a script to reset all network passwords and changed 4,000 pricing records to reflect bogus information. This former employee ultimately was identified as the perpetrator and prosecuted. He was sentenced to serve five months in prison and two years on supervised probation, and ordered to pay $48,600 restitution to his former employer. A city government employee who was passed over for promotion to finance director retaliated by deleting files from his and a coworkers computers the day before the new finance director took office. An investigation identified the disgruntled employee as the perpetrator of the incident. City government officials disagreed with the primary police detective on the case as to whether all of the deleted files were recovered. No criminal charges were filed, and, under an agreement with city officials, the employee was allowed to resign. These incidents of sabotage were all committed by â€Å"insiders:† individuals who were, or previously had been, authorized to use the information systems they eventually employed to perpetrate harm. Insiders pose a substantial threat by virtue of their knowledge of, and access to, employer systems and/or databases. Keeney, M., et al (2005) The Nature of Security Threats The greatest threat to computer systems and information comes from humans, through actions that are either malicious or ignorant 3 . Attackers, trying to do harm, exploit vulnerabilities in a system or security policy employing various methods and tools to achieve their aims. Attackers usually have a motive to disrupt normal business operations or to steal information. The above diagram is depicts the types of security threats that exist. The diagram depicts the all threats to the computer systems but main emphasis will be on malicious â€Å"insiders†. The greatest threat of attacks against computer systems are from â€Å"insiders† who know the codes and security measures that are in place 45. With very specific objectives, an insider attack can affect all components of security. As employees with legitimate access to systems, they are familiar with an organizations computer systems and applications. They are likely to know what actions cause the most damage and how to get away with it undetected. Considered members of the family, they are often above suspicion and the last to be considered when systems malfunction or fail. Disgruntled employees create mischief and sabotage against systems. Organizational downsizing in both public and private sectors has created a group of individuals with significant knowledge and capabilities for ma licious activities 6 and revenge. Contract professionals and foreign nationals either brought into the U.S. on work visas to meet labor shortages or from offshore outsourcing projects are also included in this category of knowledgeable insiders. Common Insider Threat Common cases of computer-related employee sabotage include: changing data; deleting data; destroying data or programs with logic bombs; crashing systems; holding data hostage; destroying hardware or facilities; entering data incorrectly, exposing sensitive and embarrassing proprietary data to public view such as the salaries of top executives. Insiders can plant viruses, Trojan horses or worms, browse through file systems or program malicious code with little chance of detection and with almost total impunity. A 1998 FBI Survey 7 investigating computer crime found that of the 520 companies consulted, 64% had reported security breaches for a total quantifiable financial loss of $136 millions. (See chart) The survey also found that the largest number of breaches were by unauthorized insider access and concluded that these figures were very conservative as most companies were unaware of malicious activities or reluctant to report breaches for fear of negative press. The survey reported that the average cost of an attack by an outsider (hacker) at $56,000, while the average insider attack cost a company in excess $2.7 million. It found that hidden costs associated with the loss in staff hours, legal liability, loss of proprietary information, decrease in productivity and the potential loss of credibility were impossible to quantify accurately. Employees who have caused damage have used their knowledge and access to information resources for a range of motives, including greed, revenge for perceived grievances, ego gratification, resolution of personal or professional problems, to protect or advance their careers, to challenge their skill, express anger, impress others, or some combination of these concerns. Insider Characteristics The majority of the insiders were former employees. †¢ At the time of the incident, 59% of the insiders were former employees or contractors of the affected organizations and 41% were current employees or contractors. †¢ The former employees or contractors left their positions for a variety of reasons. These included the insiders being fired (48%), resigning (38%), and being laid off (7%). Most insiders were either previously or currently employed full-time in a technical position within the organization. †¢ Most of the insiders (77%) were full-time employees of the affected organizations, either before or during the incidents. Eight percent of the insiders worked part-time, and an additional 8% had been hired as contractors or consultants. Two (4%) of the insiders worked as temporary employees, and one (2%) was hired as a subcontractor. †¢ Eighty-six percent of the insiders were employed in technical positions, which included system administrators (38%), programmers (21%), engineers (14%), and IT specialists (14%). Of the insiders not holding technical positions, 10% were employed in a professional position, which included, among others, insiders employed as editors, managers, and auditors. An additional two insiders (4%) worked in service positions, both of whom worked as customer service representatives. Insiders were demographically varied with regard to age, racial and ethnic background, gender, and marital status. The insiders ranged in age from 17 to 60 years (mean age = 32 years)17 and represented a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. Ninety-six percent of the insiders were male. Forty-nine percent of the insiders were married at the time of the incident, while 45% were single, having never married, and 4% were divorced. Just under one-third of the insiders had an arrest history. Thirty percent of the insiders had been arrested previously, including arrests for violent offenses (18%), alcohol or drug related offenses (11%), and nonfinancial/ fraud related theft offenses (11%). Organization Characteristics The incidents affected organizations in the following critical infrastructure sectors: †¢ banking and finance (8%) †¢ continuity of government (16%) †¢ defense industrial base (2%) †¢ food (4%) †¢ information and telecommunications (63%) †¢ postal and shipping (2%) †¢ public health (4%) In all, 82% of the affected organizations were in private industry, while 16% were government entities. Sixty-three percent of the organizations engaged in domestic activity only, 2% engaged in international activity only, and 35% engaged in activity both domestically and internationally. What motivate insiders? Internal attackers attempt to break into computer networks for many reasons. The subject has been fruitfully studied and internal attackers are used to be motivated with the following reasons [BSB03]: †¢ Challenge Many internal attackers initially attempt to break into networks for the challenge. A challenge combines strategic and tactical thinking, patience, and mental strength. However, internal attackers motivated by the challenge of breaking into networks often do not often think about their actions as criminal. For example, an internal attack can be the challenge to break into the mail server in order to get access to different emails of any employee. †¢ Revenge Internal attackers motivated by revenge have often ill feelings toward employees of the same company. These attackers can be particularly dangerous, because they generally focus on a single target, and they generally have patience. In the case of revenge, attackers can also be former employees that feel that they have been wrongfully fired. For example, a former employee may be motivated to launch an attack to the company in order to cause financial losses. †¢ Espionage Internal attackers motivated by espionage, steal confidential information for a third party. In general, two types of espionage exists: Industrial espionage Industrial espionage means that a company may pay its own employees in order to break into the networks of its competitors or business partners. The company may also hire someone else to do this. International espionage International espionage means that attackers work for governments and steal confidential information for other governments. Definitions of insider threat 1) The definition of insider threat should encompass two main threat actor categories and five general categories of activities. The first actor category, the â€Å"true insider,† is defined as any entity (person, system, or code) authorized by command and control elements to access network, system, or data. The second actor category, the â€Å"pseudo-insider,† is someone who, by policy, is not authorized the accesses, roles, and/or permissions they currently have but may have gotten them inadvertently or through malicious activities. The activities of both fall into five general categories: exceeds given network, system or data permissions; conducts malicious activity against or across the network, system or data; provided unapproved access to the network, system or data; circumvents security controls or exploits security weaknesses to exceed authorized permitted activity or disguise identify; or non-maliciously or unintentionally damages resources (network, system or data) by destruction, corruption, denial of access, or disclosure. (Presented at the University of Louisville Cyber Securitys Day, October 2006) 2) Insiders — employees, contractors, consultants, and vendors — pose as great a threat to an organizations security posture as outsiders, including hackers. Few organizations have implemented the policies, procedures, tools, or strategies to effectively address their insider threats. An insider threat assessment is a recommended first step for many organizations, followed by policy review, and employee awareness training. (Insider Threat Management Presented by infoLock Technologies) 3)Employees are an organizations most important asset. Unfortunately, they also present the greatest security risks. Working and communicating remotely, storing sensitive data on portable devices such as laptops, PDAs, thumb drives, and even iPods employees have extended the security perimeter beyond safe limits. While convenient access to data is required for operational efficiency, the actions of trusted insiders not just employees, but consultants, contactors, vendors, and partners must be actively managed, audited, and monitored in order to protect sensitive data. (Presented by infoLock Technologies) 4) The diversity of cyber threat has grown over time from network-level attacks and password cracking to include newer classes such as insider attacks, email worms and social engineering, which are currently recognized as serious security problems. However, attack modeling and threat analysis tools have not evolved at the same rate. Known formal models such as attack graphs perform action-centric vulnerability modeling and analysis. All possible atomic user actions are represented as states, and sequences which lead to the violation of a specie safety property are extracted to indicate possible exploits. (Ramkumar Chinchani, Anusha Iyer, Hung Ngo, Shambhu Upadhyaya) 5) The Insider Threat Study, conducted by the U.S. Secret Service and Carnegie Mellon Universitys Software Engineering Institute CERT Program, analyzed insider cyber crimes across U.S. critical infrastructure sectors. The study indicates that management decisions related to organizational and employee performance sometimes yield unintended consequences magnifying risk of insider attack. Lack of tools for understanding insider threat, analyzing risk mitigation alternatives, and communicating results exacerbates the problem. (Dawn M. Cappelli, Akash G. Desai) 6) The insider threat or insider problem is cited as the most serious security problem in many studies. It is also considered the most difficult problem to deal with, because an insider has information and capabilities not known to other, external attackers. But the studies rarely define what the insider threat is, or define it nebulously. The difficulty in handling the insider threat is reasonable under those circumstances; if one cannot define a problem precisely, how can one approach a solution, let alone know when the problem is solved? (Matt Bishop 2005) Five common insider threat Exploiting information via remote access software A considerable amount of insider abuse is performed offsite via remote access software such as Terminal Services, Citrix and GoToMyPC. Simply put, users are less likely to be caught stealing sensitive information when they can it do offsite. Also, inadequately protected remote computers may turn up in the hands of a third-party if the computer is left unattended, lost or stolen. 2.) Sending out information via e-mail and instant messaging Sensitive information can simply be included in or attached to an e-mail or IM. Although this is a serious threat, its also one of the easiest to eliminate. 3.) Sharing sensitive files on P2P networks Whether or not you allow peer-to-peer file sharing software such as Kazaa or IM on your network, odds are its there and waiting to be abused. The inanimate software in and of itself is not the problem its how its used that causes trouble. All it takes is a simple misconfiguration to serve up your networks local and network drives to the world. 4.) Careless use of wireless networks Perhaps the most unintentional insider threat is that of insecure wireless network usage. Whether its at a coffee shop, airport or hotel, unsecured airwaves can easily put sensitive information in jeopardy. All it takes is a peek into e-mail communications or file transfers for valuable data to be stolen. Wi-Fi networks are most susceptible to these attacks, but dont overlook Bluetooth on smartphones and PDAs. Also, if you have WLANs inside your organization, employees could use it to exploit the network after hours. 5.) Posting information to discussion boards and blogs Quite often users post support requests, blogs or other work-related messages on the Internet. Whether intentional or not, this can include sensitive information and file attachments that put your organization at risk. Views of different authors about insider threat 1) Although insiders in this report tended to be former technical employees, there is no demographic â€Å"profile† of a malicious insider. Ages of perpetrators ranged from late teens to retirement. Both men and women were malicious insiders. Their positions included programmers, graphic artists, system and network administrators, managers, and executives. They were currently employed and recently terminated employees, contractors, and temporary employees. As such, security awareness training needs to encourage employees to identify malicious insiders by behavior, not by stereotypical characteristics. For example, behaviors that should be a source of concern include making threats against the organization, bragging about the damage one could do to the organization, or discussing plans to work against the organization. Also of concern are attempts to gain other employees passwords and to fraudulently obtain access through trickery or exploitation of a trusted relationship. Insiders can be stopped, but stopping them is a complex problem. Insider attacks can only be prevented through a layered defense strategy consisting of policies, procedures, and technical controls. Therefore, management must pay close attention to many aspects of its organization, including its business policies and procedures, organizational culture, and technical environment. Organizations must look beyond information technology to the organizations overall business processes and the interplay between those processes and the technologies used. (Michelle Keeney, J.D., Ph.D. atal 2005) 2) While attacks on computers by outside intruders are more publicized, attacks perpetrated by insiders are very common and often more damaging. Insiders represent the greatest threat to computer security because they understand their organizations business and how their computer systems work. They have both the confidentiality and access to perform these attacks. An inside attacker will have a higher probability of successfully breaking into the system and extracting critical information. The insiders also represent the greatest challenge to securing the company network because they are authorized a level of access to the file system and granted a degree of trust. (Nam Nguyen and Peter Reiher, Geoffrey H. Kuenning) 3) Geographically distributed information systems achieve high availability that is crucial to their usefulness by replicating their state. Providing instant access at time of need regardless of current network connectivity requires the state to be replicated in every geographical site so that it is locally available. As network environments become increasingly hostile, we have to assume that part of the distributed information system will be compromised at some point. The problem of maintaining a replicated state in such a system is magnified when insider (or Byzantine) attacks are taken into account. (Yair Amir Cristina Nita-Rotaru) 4) In 2006, over 60% of information security breaches were attributable to insider behavior, yet more than 80% of corporate IT security budgets were spent on securing perimeter defenses against outside attack. Protecting against insider threats means managing policy, process, technology, and most importantly, people. Protecting against insider threats means managing policy, process, technology, and most importantly, people.The Insider Threat Assessment security awareness training, infrastructure reconfiguration, or third party solutions, you can take comfort in knowing that you have made the right choice to improve your security posture, and you will achieve your expected Return on Security Investment. (Presented by infoLock Technologies) 5) The threat of attack from insiders is real and substantial. The 2004 ECrime Watch Survey TM conducted by the United States Secret Service, CERT  ® Coordination Center (CERT/CC), and CSO Magazine, 1 found that in cases where respondents could identify the perpetrator of an electronic crime, 29 percent were committed by insiders. The impact from insider attacks can be devastating. One complex case of financial fraud committed by an insider in a financial institution resulted in losses of over $600 million. 2 Another case involving a logic bomb written by a technical employee working for a defense contractor resulted in $10 million in losses and the layoff of 80 employees. (Dawn Cappelli, Andrew Moore, Timothy Shimeall,2005) 6) Insiders, by virtue of legitimate access to their organizations information, systems, and networks, pose a significant risk to employers. Employees experiencing financial problems have found it easy to use the systems they use at work everyday to commit fraud. Other employees, motivated by financial problems, greed, or the wish to impress a new employer, have stolen confidential data, proprietary information, or intellectual property from their employer. Lastly, technical employees, possibly the most dangerous because of their intimate knowledge of an organizations vulnerabilities, have used their technical ability to sabotage their employers system or network in revenge for some negative work-related event. (Dawn M. Cappelli, Akash G. Desai ,at al 2004) 7) The insider problem is considered the most difficult and critical problem in computer security. But studies that survey the seriousness of the problem, and research that analyzes the problem, rarely define the problem precisely. Implicit definitions vary in meaning. Different definitions imply different countermeasures, as well as different assumptions. (Matt Bishop 2005) Solution: User monitoring Insiders have two things that external attackers dont: privileged access and trust. This allows them to bypass preventative measures, access mission-critical assets, and conduct malicious acts all while flying under the radar unless a strong incident detection solution is in place. A number of variables motivate insiders, but the end result is that they can more easily perpetrate their crimes than an outsider who has limited access. Insiders can directly damage your business resulting in lost revenue, lost customers, reduced shareholder faith, a tarnished reputation, regulatory fines and legal fees. With such an expansive threat, organizations need an automated solution to help detect and analyze malicious insider activity. These are some points which could be helpful in monitoring and minimizing the insider threats: Detecting insider activity starts with an expanded log and event collection. Firewalls, routers and intrusion detection systems are important, but they are not enough. Organizations need to look deeper to include mission critical applications such as email applications, databases, operating systems, mainframes, access control solutions, physical security systems as well as identity and content management products. Correlation: identifying known types of suspicious and malicious behavior Anomaly detection: recognizing deviations from norms and baselines. Pattern discovery: uncovering seemingly unrelated events that show a pattern of suspicious activity From case management, event annotation and escalation to reporting, auditing and access to insider-relevant information, the technical solution must be in line with the organizations procedures. This will ensure that insiders are addressed consistently, efficiently and effectively regardless of who they are. Identify suspicious user activity patterns and identify anomalies. Visually track and create business-level reports on users activity. Automatically escalate the threat levels of suspicious and malicious individuals. Respond according to your specific and unique corporate governing guidelines. Early detection of insider activity based on early warning indicators of suspicious behavior, such as: Stale or terminated accounts Excessive file printing, unusual printing times and keywords printed Traffic to suspicious destinations Unauthorized peripheral device access Bypassing security controls Attempts to alter or delete system logs Installation of malicious software The Insider Threat Study? The global acceptance, business adoption and growth of the Internet, and of Internetworking technologies in general, in response to customer requests for online access to business information systems, has ushered in an extraordinary expansion of electronic business transactions. In moving from internal (closed) business systems to open systems, the risk of malicious attacks and fraudulent activity has increased enormously, thereby requiring high levels of information security. Prior to the requirement for online, open access, the information security budget of a typical company was less then their tea and coffee expenses. Securing cyberspace has become a national priority. In The National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, the Presidents Critical Infrastructure Protection Board identified several critical infrastructure sectors10: banking and finance information and telecommunications transportation postal and shipping emergency services continuity of government public health Universities chemical industry, textile industry and hazardous materials agriculture defense industrial base The cases examined in the Insider Threat Study are incidents perpetrated by insiders (current or former employees or contractors) who intentionally exceeded or misused an authorized level of network, system, or data access in a manner that affected the security of the organizations data, systems, or daily business operations. Incidents included any compromise, manipulation of, unauthorized access to, exceeding authorized access to, tampering with, or disabling of any information system, network, or data. The cases examined also included any in which there was an unauthorized or illegal attempt to view, disclose, retrieve, delete, change, or add information. A completely secure, zero risk system is one which has zero functionality. Latest technology high-performance automated systems bring with them new risks in the shape of new attacks, new viruses and new software bugs, etc. IT Security, therefore, is an ongoing process. Proper risk management keeps the IT Security plans, policies and procedures up to date as per new requirements and changes in the computing environment. To implement controls to counter risks requires policies, and policy can only be implemented successfully if the top management is committed. And policys effective implementation is not possible without the training and awareness of staff. The State Bank of Pakistan recognizes that financial industry is built around the sanctity of the financial transactions. Owing to the critical role of financial institutions for a country and the extreme sensitivity of their information assets, the seriousness of IT Security and the ever-increasing threats it faces in todays open world cannot be overstated. As more and more of our Banking Operations and products services become technology driven and dependent, consequently our reliance on these technology assets increases, and so does the need to protect and safeguard these resources to ensure smooth functioning of the financial industry. Here are different area in which we can work and check insider threat, but I chose textile industry as in textile industry there is less awareness of the insider threat. If an insider attack in an industry then industrialist try to cover up this news as these types of news about an industry can damage the reputation of the industry. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITRATURE S, Axelsson. ,(2000) Anonymous 2001 Continuity of operations and correct functioning of information systems is important to most businesses. Threats to computerised information and process are threats to business quality and effectiveness. The objective of IT security is to put measures in place which eliminate or reduce significant threats to an acceptable level. Security and risk management are tightly coupled with quality management. Security measures should be implemented based on risk analysis and in harmony with Quality structures, processes and checklists. What needs to be protected, against whom and how? Security is the protection of information, systems and services against disasters, mistakes and manipulation so that the likelihood and impact of security incidents is minimised. IT security is comprised of: Confidentiality: Sensitive business objects (information processes) are disclosed only to authorised persons. ==> Controls are required to restrict access to objects. Integrity: The business need to control modification to objects (information and processes). ==> Controls are required to ensure objects are accurate and complete.

Infidelity In Anna Karenina :: essays research papers

"Vengeance is mine, I will repay" is the opening statement in the novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy. Although the reader does not know whom â€Å"I† refers to in the statement, he can be certain that someone will pay for whatever act has been committed. Thus far in the novel, many motifs have emerged that could lead the speaker to want vengeance. The most important of these is the motif of infidelity. From the very first page of the novel, the motif of infidelity has been present. Infidelity has caused families to be broken apart and lives to be ruined. It has been the cause of the downfall of many of the characters. Still, this downfall has been caused by their actions and mistakes. The motif of infidelity is predominantly evident in the love affair between Vronsky and Anna. From their very first encounter at the train station, it was clear that this relationship was destined for destruction. Their relationship takes on a very deceptive and superficial quality. Vronsky knew from the very beginning about Anna’s marital status, yet this did not dissuade his attraction to her, or his adulterous relationship with her later on. It is important to note that it is Vronsky’s frivolous nature that is responsible for his inability to fully love Anna with the passion that she so desperately needs from him. Vronsky initially believes that he loves Anna, but Tolstoy shows the reader that Vronsky’s love for her is not absolute. His love is not based upon firm emotional commitment, and it is easily questioned and redefined. Eventually, Anna’s love becomes burdensome to him because he remains steeped in the pursuit of his own freedom and pleasures, w ithout placing importance on Anna’s tormented existence. Vronsky is dishonest with himself. He begins a relationship that he is not ready for. He believes that he can love Anna in â€Å"the right way,† yet he cannot. Their relationship will be destroyed not by an outside party but by their own hands.

Analysis of “The Happy Man”

I’m going to analyze a novel â€Å"The Happy Man† by Somerset Maugham, a well-known English novelist, short-story writer, playwright and essayist. William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris, educated at King’s school in Canterbury and studied to be a doctor at St. Thomas Hospital in England. He was one of the best known writers of his time as he was master of short stories. The story starts with the narrator thinking and telling the reader about his attitude to giving advice to somebody. He thinks it to be quite difficult and even impossible to give the right advice as â€Å"we know nothing of the others†.The whole first paragraph of the story is devoted to the narrator’s expressing the opinion on life, the manner of bourgeois society and the danger of ordering the lives of others. Then the author goes on telling a story that once happened to the narrator. This novel runs about a desperate man who confided his life to a total stranger. The theme of the novel: a man’s search for happiness; the role of advice in the life of people. The main characters of the story are the narrator and Stephens. The main character is the narrator.There is no any information about his appearance in the text. The only one thing about his age is the information that he was a young man when he advised well. Nevertheless we can judge about his character from his thoughts, behavior and speech. The description of his character is indirect. He is a wise man: he knows that it is impossible to know another persons as well as oneself to give him/her advice which would be good for him/her. And he is bold enough for a man who dares to give the life changing advice to a man he see for the first time.The narrator was an intelligent, clever and bright. We can judge by his way of narration, speech. He is an educated person, he uses literary vocabulary mostly, for instance, such words as errand, flounder, squeamish, silences. Connotation of words is positiv e and the way the author uses the literature teams makes the story understandable and close to the readers. He was a doctor but didn’t practice. And first of all he was a writer. He was an experienced person, philosopher and good psychologist, because he could say for sure who the man was and what life was.He thought a lot about life and tried to understand the value of life. ‘And life is something that you can lead but once†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He is responsible man. He has a sharp eye for details which reveal Stephens’ inner state: he (Stephens) had some difficulty in lighting cigarette without letting go off his hat. He quickly did this and while doing it dropped his umbrella. Stephens’ portrayal is subjective and the reader sees everything from the narrator’s point of view. Stephens represent and images. The first is Stephens who lives in London.He sensitive and emotional, the proof is being the usage of metaphors and epithets in his speech. â€Å"Ea ch one help of this metaphor the author shows the narrator’s outlook on the relations between people and the impossibility of knowing a person well enough to give him advice†. The next metaphor: â€Å"There are men who flounder at the journey’s start is aimed at making speech more colorful and interesting, so that the whole scene readily presents itself to the reader’s eye† It is an unhappy man, bored with his life, who doesn’t find air one can breathe in London.Stephens’ inner state, his emotions are depicted through the narrator’s evaluation of Stephens’ sentences. He finds striking and sharp. These epithets are used by the author to show that Stephens could not really stick his life any more. He is fed up with the routine of being a medical officer because that was all he had to look forward the far the rest of life. Even good money of London can’t stop him from leaning for an uncertainty in Spain. The second im age, that is a happy man, and he is presented by Stephens’ living in Spain. He satisfied with his life though he is rather shabbily dressed.The happiness and content with life can be seen through all the narrator’s description of Stephens appearance: his eyes twinkled gaily, his face bore and expression of perfect good-humor. This metaphor helps us to get the idea of Stephens’ happiness. The exaggeration Stephens uses â€Å"I wouldn’t exchange the life I have had that of any king in would† shows the highest degree of being happy. Another exaggeration used by the author â€Å"you couldn’t have imagined a more delightful creature to drink a glass of wine† with is aimed at revealing the author’s positive attitude to Stephens.So, the two images a â€Å"happy and unhappy man† are opposed to each other. The stylistic device used in this case, it is the contrast, its function is to bring some phenomena in opposition and find di fferentiate features. This Stylistic device helps us to state the main idea of the story, which twists around the theme of happiness. Stephens found his happiness in Spain, where is air one can breathe while in London there was no possibility for him to enjoy life. The contrast between Spain and London shows the drawback of London’s society in which Stephens wouldn’t like to live any longer.While his wife, who preferred to go back to Camberwell, found her happiness there. Thus the main idea states that every person has his own understanding of happiness. We can divide the novel into three logical parts in order to understand it better. It is a narrative text. The key in the first part is rather pessimistic, deeply psycological, and sometimes we can say that it is rather negative. This could be proved if we look at the metaphors the author use: he compares every man to â€Å"a prisoner in a solitary tower†, life to â€Å"a difficult business†. Another meta phor is used when he says that â€Å"some people flounder at the journey’s start†.So we see that the author tries to make us ready for the future accidents, and to show us the difference between the past â€Å"wrapped in the dark cloud of Destiny† and the future. The second part was written in the form of a dialogue between the patient and our hero. We can see the despair of a stranger, because he uses â€Å"short, sharp sentences†, to emphasize it the author told us that they had â€Å"a forcible ring†. The visitor seems to be very tired of life, he is passive, but he wants to change something in it, that is why to show us the antagonistic character of the visitor, the author uses an oxymoron â€Å"bright dark eyes†.The third part is lyrical, and a bit romantic. In the third part, our main character comes to Seville, and tries to find that stranger. He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, his room was littered with papers, books, medical app liances and lumber but he was really happy. It could be seen from his description: a dissipated, though antirely sympathetic appearance, and of course from his murmuring â€Å"Life is full of compensations†. The stylistic devices, used in the story, make the narration more interesting and attracting readers’ attention. They reveal the object of depiction in a deep manner and make the narration more emotional.The author uses the contrast on the level of the text. With its help he conveys the main idea of the text, his attitude to the characters. The syntactical pattern is not very difficult and it doesn’t do any difficulty to follow the main idea. Somerset Maugham doesn’t use many details. Every used detail is important from the author’s view point and carefully selected. So the author used such stylistic devices as metaphor: ‘a prisoner in solitary tower’, ‘dark cloak of Destiny’ etc. The narrator shows the readers his att itude towards life, thinks about the value of life. Hyperbole ‘I wouldn’t exchange the life.I’ve had with that of any king in the world’ is used to show that Stephens was very happy and wasn’t concerned about material things. So, also in the story there is an inversion and repetition ‘Poor I have been and poor I always be’. Parallel syntactical constructions such as: ‘’I was, I never, I’ve never done†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘there is sunshine, there is good wine†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ underline the importance of what Stephens told. The sentences in the story are rather simple and complete, the paragraphs are balanced. Also, there are rhetorical questions with the help of them the author tries to understand what the value of life are.There are a lot of antithesis: ‘Stephens’s salary was pretty good, but his clothes where shabby’, in the beginning he was an unhappy man and in the end he was a happy one, Spain – is full of emotions, freedom, romantic, and England is conservative. Allusions: Carmen – a symbol of Spain, of freedom etc. The text is a descriptive one; there are many descriptive signals: a modest apartment, a total stranger, an apologetic laugh, a cursory glance, a little man, a wonderful life, trifling indisposition, a squeamish patient, a dim recollection, a Spanish woman and others. Descriptive words make the text expressive and vivid.The author employs many contextual synonyms, which make the language expressive: dangerous, hazardous; unwillingly, forced; confused, embarrassed; a total stranger, a perfect stranger; alter, change; twinkled, shone. The story is devoted to the problem of human’s ability to change his life. For some people it is very difficult to live another life and they prefer to be in the same way all their lives. We shouldn’t be afraid of new changes, because â€Å"life is full of compensations†. If a person is afraid t o take risks and change his life, he cannot expect to gain anything. So, as they say, he that fears every bush must never go birding. Analysis of â€Å"The Happy Man† I’m going to analyze a novel â€Å"The Happy Man† by Somerset Maugham, a well-known English novelist, short-story writer, playwright and essayist. William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris, educated at King’s school in Canterbury and studied to be a doctor at St. Thomas Hospital in England. He was one of the best known writers of his time as he was master of short stories. The story starts with the narrator thinking and telling the reader about his attitude to giving advice to somebody. He thinks it to be quite difficult and even impossible to give the right advice as â€Å"we know nothing of the others†.The whole first paragraph of the story is devoted to the narrator’s expressing the opinion on life, the manner of bourgeois society and the danger of ordering the lives of others. Then the author goes on telling a story that once happened to the narrator. This novel runs about a desperate man who confided his life to a total stranger. The theme of the novel: a man’s search for happiness; the role of advice in the life of people. The main characters of the story are the narrator and Stephens. The main character is the narrator.There is no any information about his appearance in the text. The only one thing about his age is the information that he was a young man when he advised well. Nevertheless we can judge about his character from his thoughts, behavior and speech. The description of his character is indirect. He is a wise man: he knows that it is impossible to know another persons as well as oneself to give him/her advice which would be good for him/her. And he is bold enough for a man who dares to give the life changing advice to a man he see for the first time.The narrator was an intelligent, clever and bright. We can judge by his way of narration, speech. He is an educated person, he uses literary vocabulary mostly, for instance, such words as errand, flounder, squeamish, silences. Connotation of words is positiv e and the way the author uses the literature teams makes the story understandable and close to the readers. He was a doctor but didn’t practice. And first of all he was a writer. He was an experienced person, philosopher and good psychologist, because he could say for sure who the man was and what life was.He thought a lot about life and tried to understand the value of life. ‘And life is something that you can lead but once†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He is responsible man. He has a sharp eye for details which reveal Stephens’ inner state: he (Stephens) had some difficulty in lighting cigarette without letting go off his hat. He quickly did this and while doing it dropped his umbrella. Stephens’ portrayal is subjective and the reader sees everything from the narrator’s point of view. Stephens represent and images. The first is Stephens who lives in London.He sensitive and emotional, the proof is being the usage of metaphors and epithets in his speech. â€Å"Ea ch one help of this metaphor the author shows the narrator’s outlook on the relations between people and the impossibility of knowing a person well enough to give him advice†. The next metaphor: â€Å"There are men who flounder at the journey’s start is aimed at making speech more colorful and interesting, so that the whole scene readily presents itself to the reader’s eye† It is an unhappy man, bored with his life, who doesn’t find air one can breathe in London.Stephens’ inner state, his emotions are depicted through the narrator’s evaluation of Stephens’ sentences. He finds striking and sharp. These epithets are used by the author to show that Stephens could not really stick his life any more. He is fed up with the routine of being a medical officer because that was all he had to look forward the far the rest of life. Even good money of London can’t stop him from leaning for an uncertainty in Spain. The second im age, that is a happy man, and he is presented by Stephens’ living in Spain. He satisfied with his life though he is rather shabbily dressed.The happiness and content with life can be seen through all the narrator’s description of Stephens appearance: his eyes twinkled gaily, his face bore and expression of perfect good-humor. This metaphor helps us to get the idea of Stephens’ happiness. The exaggeration Stephens uses â€Å"I wouldn’t exchange the life I have had that of any king in would† shows the highest degree of being happy. Another exaggeration used by the author â€Å"you couldn’t have imagined a more delightful creature to drink a glass of wine† with is aimed at revealing the author’s positive attitude to Stephens.So, the two images a â€Å"happy and unhappy man† are opposed to each other. The stylistic device used in this case, it is the contrast, its function is to bring some phenomena in opposition and find di fferentiate features. This Stylistic device helps us to state the main idea of the story, which twists around the theme of happiness. Stephens found his happiness in Spain, where is air one can breathe while in London there was no possibility for him to enjoy life. The contrast between Spain and London shows the drawback of London’s society in which Stephens wouldn’t like to live any longer.While his wife, who preferred to go back to Camberwell, found her happiness there. Thus the main idea states that every person has his own understanding of happiness. We can divide the novel into three logical parts in order to understand it better. It is a narrative text. The key in the first part is rather pessimistic, deeply psycological, and sometimes we can say that it is rather negative. This could be proved if we look at the metaphors the author use: he compares every man to â€Å"a prisoner in a solitary tower†, life to â€Å"a difficult business†. Another meta phor is used when he says that â€Å"some people flounder at the journey’s start†.So we see that the author tries to make us ready for the future accidents, and to show us the difference between the past â€Å"wrapped in the dark cloud of Destiny† and the future. The second part was written in the form of a dialogue between the patient and our hero. We can see the despair of a stranger, because he uses â€Å"short, sharp sentences†, to emphasize it the author told us that they had â€Å"a forcible ring†. The visitor seems to be very tired of life, he is passive, but he wants to change something in it, that is why to show us the antagonistic character of the visitor, the author uses an oxymoron â€Å"bright dark eyes†.The third part is lyrical, and a bit romantic. In the third part, our main character comes to Seville, and tries to find that stranger. He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, his room was littered with papers, books, medical app liances and lumber but he was really happy. It could be seen from his description: a dissipated, though antirely sympathetic appearance, and of course from his murmuring â€Å"Life is full of compensations†. The stylistic devices, used in the story, make the narration more interesting and attracting readers’ attention. They reveal the object of depiction in a deep manner and make the narration more emotional.The author uses the contrast on the level of the text. With its help he conveys the main idea of the text, his attitude to the characters. The syntactical pattern is not very difficult and it doesn’t do any difficulty to follow the main idea. Somerset Maugham doesn’t use many details. Every used detail is important from the author’s view point and carefully selected. So the author used such stylistic devices as metaphor: ‘a prisoner in solitary tower’, ‘dark cloak of Destiny’ etc. The narrator shows the readers his att itude towards life, thinks about the value of life. Hyperbole ‘I wouldn’t exchange the life.I’ve had with that of any king in the world’ is used to show that Stephens was very happy and wasn’t concerned about material things. So, also in the story there is an inversion and repetition ‘Poor I have been and poor I always be’. Parallel syntactical constructions such as: ‘’I was, I never, I’ve never done†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘there is sunshine, there is good wine†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ underline the importance of what Stephens told. The sentences in the story are rather simple and complete, the paragraphs are balanced. Also, there are rhetorical questions with the help of them the author tries to understand what the value of life are.There are a lot of antithesis: ‘Stephens’s salary was pretty good, but his clothes where shabby’, in the beginning he was an unhappy man and in the end he was a happy one, Spain – is full of emotions, freedom, romantic, and England is conservative. Allusions: Carmen – a symbol of Spain, of freedom etc. The text is a descriptive one; there are many descriptive signals: a modest apartment, a total stranger, an apologetic laugh, a cursory glance, a little man, a wonderful life, trifling indisposition, a squeamish patient, a dim recollection, a Spanish woman and others. Descriptive words make the text expressive and vivid.The author employs many contextual synonyms, which make the language expressive: dangerous, hazardous; unwillingly, forced; confused, embarrassed; a total stranger, a perfect stranger; alter, change; twinkled, shone. The story is devoted to the problem of human’s ability to change his life. For some people it is very difficult to live another life and they prefer to be in the same way all their lives. We shouldn’t be afraid of new changes, because â€Å"life is full of compensations†. If a person is afraid t o take risks and change his life, he cannot expect to gain anything. So, as they say, he that fears every bush must never go birding.

Genetic Engineered Foodss essays

Genetic Engineered Foodss essays Genetic Engineered Foods are too controversial and unstable to be consumed by the general public. Great deals of scientists have very opposite opinions about Genetic Engineered Foods (GE). Genetically altering foods is the process of modifying crops by using new bio-technological methods. There are two specific types of gene altering techniques. GE foods have many negative effects on the human race. The environment is also being negatively effected by GE foods. American restaurants and groceries are carrying GE foods with most of the customers not knowing. Most Americans are not aware of the Genetic Engineered Foods health risks. L tryptophan was a substance that was genetically altered and resulted in paralization and death. Hunger has nothing to do with Genetic Engineered Foods like most people believe. Stopping and beginning to research GE foods will help and affect everyone in a positive way. Great deals of scientists have very opposite opinions about GE foods. Weve had years and years of scientific discussion about this, and the conclusion is very clear. If it continues along this path, some of these foods are eventually going to hurt somebody, says Philip J. Regal, a biologist at the University of Minnesota. This is right because it has occurred over the years using gene-altering techniques. There have been many examples of people getting effected physically by GE foods. Dr. Rebecca Goldburg, a biologist with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) says, People need to know that some of these foods could turn out to be unhealthy to eat or harmful to the environment. Both living things and their environment are in a risk of being harmed. Genetically altering foods is the process of modifying crops by using new bio technological methods. Approximately 50% of all the soy and 38% of the corn acreage planted in the United States this year is genetically altered....

Health Overview - Asthma essays

Health Overview - Asthma essays Asthma is a disease of the airways of the lungs, which is characterized by increased sensitivity of the airways to a variety of triggers. It is generally an episodic disease, i.e., acute attacks followed by symptoms free periods. Though most attacks are generally short lived, sometimes-serious conditions occur in which severe asthma is unrelieved for many hours or even days. Asthma occurs in all age groups, but is found to be more common in children. It tends to affect both sexes equally. If a person has asthma, their trachea and bronchial tubes become more sensitive. It is when they are more irritated does the muscles and the lining constrict more easily. There are two types of asthma, allergic and idiosyncratic. Allergic asthma is often associated with personal or family history of other types of allergic diseases like hay fever, rhinitis, and eczema. The offending agents causing asthma include environment and air pollution, certain drugs like aspirin, occupational factors such as working with animal skins, and chemicals, infections of the chest or upper respiratory tract can bring about an acute attack of asthma and even exercise and emotional stress. The most characteristic features of asthma are breathlessness, cough and wheezing. The attack often occurs at night but may also occur abruptly due to one of the precipitating factors I mentioned above. Another example of the effects of having an asthma attack is feeling as if someone has thrown a blanket over your head and you are unable to uncover your self. Things like tingling in your fingers and toes is due to one hyperventilating during an asthma attack. Today, in the United States and Australia, an estimated five percent of adults and ten percent of children suffer from the condition. In the UK, the number of new cases of adult onset and childhood asthma amount to a total of nearly three million people. Increased air pollution and other factors associated with 21st centur...

Cultural Diversity And Subcultures In The United States Essay

Cultural Diversity And Subcultures In The United States - Essay Example It is interesting to consider the process by which a subculture acclimates to life in the United States. Some may choose to hold fast to as many of their native values and traditions as possible while others may quickly forget who they used to be in exchange for adopting as American customs and value as quickly as possible. Still, others strive for that balance between being proud of their own heritage and accepting that they need to adapt to their new way of life in America. Much research has been conducted on this topic, particularly, in terms of how adolescents acculturate to American culture. Perhaps the two most dominant cultures forming a subculture in the United States would be those from an Asian culture and those of the Hispanic heritage. Since 1965, for example, there has been a steady increase in the number of Korean Americans residing in the country. They are predominately located in California and New York, forming their own subculture in many areas of Los Angeles and New York City, in addition to other pockets around the country as well. Koreans have very strong bonds with their family, and they have a strong sense of Asian values. Research has shown that they largely maintain these customs when living in America. Korean parents often teach their children Korean language, history, morals and general customs. As such, Korean youth is torn between accepting the values and mores of their host culture, while maintaining their strong Asian heritage that their parents are working so hard to protect. An interesting component of this is that South Korean has adopted many western values of their own, such as materialism that has made

Ethical Conduct In War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Conduct In War - Essay Example Soldiers comprehend that the military and the fellow soldiers look forward to them to show high sense of honour beyond what is shown in popular culture. The world of honour in military involves an individual discovering his real identity in roles and turning away from the roles is actually turning away from oneself. Hence, soldiers recognize that he or she is expected to take risks and forgo something in order to achieve the task, shield fellow soldier or defend innocent people. The use of force to decrease risk to fellow soldiers while placing the mission or innocent people at risk has to be considered to be inconsistent with military code of honour as well as the professional ethics. While emphasizing ethical behaviour as a goal, soldiers also value utilitarian basis for sustaining the highest moral standards. Education on values in soldiers can ring hollow unless tracked in a manner that offers perspective and shows relevance. Therefore, showing soldiers their enemy’s propa ganda aids in emphasizing the significance of ethical behaviour in countering misinformation. In military, considerate treatment, addressing grievances and developing trust within the population is one of the essential means for achieving success in military operations. Historical examples of extremes or abuse in pursuing tactical convenience have corrupted the moral nature of military units and destabilized planned objectives (â€Å"Moral, Ethical, And Psychological†¦Ã¢â‚¬  13-16). Leaders in military learn from history in order to evaluate their activities and putting modern operations within the perspective of previous experiences. Evaluating previous military operation experiences allows leaders to question contemporary missions, evade mistakes committed in the past, identify opportunities and recognize effective techniques. Though, education and indoctrination in professional military ethics as well as tough and realistic training are essential, they are insufficient in preserving moral character in intense emotional and psychological pressures that result from combat (â€Å"Moral, Ethical, And Psychological †¦" 17). Therefore, leaders prepare units to cope with stress that results from continuous operations within counterinsurgency environment, because combat stress usually results in unprofessional and unethical behaviour. Since counterinsurgency operations are more stressful compared to the conventional war, control of stress is a command responsibility even when grieving the loss of fellow soldiers. Military leaders have to be familiar with grief counselling and be able to watch soldier behaviour carefully in order to identify warning signs of stress like disconnection, suspiciousness toward comrades, distractibility and inconsistency (â€Å"Moral, Ethical, And Psychological †¦" 16). Leaders have to look for soldiers who have become â€Å"revenge driven† because they can break down discipline of the unit and inflict significa nt damage to the mission and fellow troopers; therefore, leaders endorse commitment to fellow troopers and mission as the main motivating factors in war. Certainly following rules of warfare slows down reaction time and forces commanders to discriminate the use of firepower, because the discriminate and precise use of firepower does more good than harm even in the lowest levels. Choosing to be precise in the use of firepo